Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference

The world’s most comprehensive and practical reference source about drugs and medicines

Unrivalled in its field, Martindale provides practical, evidence-based, global guidance, allowing you to quickly understand the characteristics of drugs and other pharmaceutical substances and their clinical uses.

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Global source of information: International, multi-lingual coverage, including synonyms, drug and chemical identifiers, chemical formulae, structures and pharmacopeial standards

Breadth of content: Expertly curated data on over 248,000 medicines provides an unparalleled, consolidated database of preparations

Range of drugs: Provides concise and accurate information on herbals, diagnostic agents, radiopharmaceuticals, pharmaceutical excipients, toxins and poisons

Reviewed and updated every 3 months by expert teams

7,500 +

drugs

54,000

references

regions and countries covered

6 +

languages

*based on average data in the last 12 months

Related Publications

British National Formulary

British National Formulary for Children

Stockley’s Drug Interactions

Martindale’s Adverse Drug Reactions Checker

AHFS Drug Information

Publication Updates

10 Dec

Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference December 2019 Update

This update contains 11 new monographs and 13 existing monographs have been updated. Preparations have been updated for 3 countries.

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New monographs:

Alpelisib: is a PI3K inhibitor used for the treatment of HR-positive, HER2-negative, PIK3CA-mutated, advanced or metastatic breast cancer.
Bremelanotide: is a melanocortin receptor agonist used for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women.
Darolutamide: is an anti-androgen used for the treatment of non-metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Duvelisib: is a PI3K inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, small lymphocytic lymphoma, and follicular lymphoma.
Erdafitinib: is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, with activity against the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), used for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer.
Fedratinib: is a Janus kinase JAK2 and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) inhibitor used for the treatment of myelofibrosis.
Moxetumomab pasudotox: is a CD22-directed cytotoxin, composed of a murine monoclonal antibody fragment fused with a Pseudomonal exotoxin A fragment, used for the treatment of relapsed or refractory hairy-cell leukaemia.
Polatuzumab vedotin: is an antibody-drug conjugate used for the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Selinexor: is an orally active nuclear export inhibitor used for the treatment of multiple myeloma.
Sotagliflozin: is a dual SGLT1/2 inhibitor used in the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Tenapanor: is a sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3) inhibitor used for the treatment of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.

Notable revisions:

Alemtuzumab: serious immune-mediated conditions, stroke, tears in the lining of arteries in the head and neck, and severe neutropenia, including fatalities, have been reported.
Anakinra: can be used for the treatment of Still’s disease.
Asparaginase: calaspargase pegol, a pegylated form of asparaginase, is used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children and young adults.
Brivaracetam: can be used in children from 4 years of age for adjunctive therapy and monotherapy of partial onset seizures.
Cannabidiol: can be used for the treatment of Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in patients aged 2 years and older.
Dapagliflozin: necrotising fasciitis of the perineum have been reported in patients taking sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors.
Glucagon: an intranasal formulation can be used for the treatment of severe hypoglycaemia in diabetic patients aged 4 years and older.
Hydrocortisone: muco-adhesive buccal tablets should not be used off-label for adrenal insufficiency due to serious risks.
Lacosamide: can be used as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy in partial seizures, with or without secondary generalisation, in children from 4 years of age.
Midazolam: an intranasal spray can be used for acute treatment of intermittent, stereotypical episodes of increased seizure activity that are distinct from the usual seizure pattern in patients with epilepsy aged 12 years and older.
Mycophenolate: pregnancy abstract updated with advice from the MHRA about its use in female and male patients of reproductive potential.
Ruxolitinib: can be used for the treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease that is steroid refractory in adults and children aged 12 years and older.
Valproate: is considered highly teratogenic and restrictions have been placed on its use during pregnancy.

Proprietary Preparations and Manufacturers updated for the following countries and regions:

Switzerland
USA^†
UK^†

† Countries updated on an ongoing basis

10 Sep

Martindale September 2019 Update

This update contains 10 new monographs and 9 existing monographs have been updated. Preparations have been updated for 4 countries.

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New monographs:

Benzhydrocodone: an opioid analgesic, is a prodrug of hydrocodone that is given with paracetamol in the short-term treatment of acute pain.
Cemiplimab: is a human immunoglobulin G4 monoclonal antibody and immune checkpoint inhibitor that binds to PD-1. It is used in the treatment of metastatic or locally advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
Evocalcet: is a calcimimetic agent used in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease on haemodialysis.
Fexinidazole: is a 5-nitroimidazole derivative with antiprotozoal activity used in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis due to infection with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (Gambian or West African sleeping sickness). It is also under investigation for the treatment of American trypanosomiasis (Chagas’ disease).
Gilteritinib: is a multikinase inhibitor used for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia with an FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutation.
Pegvaliase: is a recombinant, pegylated form of the enzyme phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). It is used as an adjunct to the dietary restriction of phenylalanine in adults with phenylketonuria.
Pemafibrate: a fibric acid derivative, is a lipid regulating drug used in the treatment of hyperlipidaemias.
Risankizumab: is a human monoclonal antibody that binds to interleukin-23 and is used in the treatment of plaque psoriasis. It is also under investigation for the treatment of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
Siponimod: is an immunomodulator used in the treatment of patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis, including clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease.
Solriamfetol: is a central stimulant that selectively inhibits dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake. It is used in the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness associated with narcolepsy or obstructive sleep apnoea. Solriamfetol is also under investigation for improving sleep in patients with glioma.

Notable revisions:

Abiraterone acetate: can also be used to treat newly-diagnosed, metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, in combination with androgen deprivation therapy.
Atezolizumab: can now be used to treat metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, advanced or metastatic breast cancer, and extensive-stage small cell lung cancer.
Caplacizumab: is a monoclonal antibody that binds to von Willebrand factor that is used in the treatment of acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
Ciclosporin eye drops: can be used to treat vernal keratoconjunctivitis in children aged 4 years and over, and in adolescents.
Edaravone: is also used in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Esketamine: is licensed in the UK for use in general anaesthesia, as a supplement to regional and local anaesthesia, and to provide analgesia in emergency care.
Fingolimod: is licensed for the treatment of relapsing-remitting MS in children aged 10 years and older. Adverse effects and precautions section also updated.
Flupirtine: EMA has recommended the withdrawal of flupirtine from the market in Europe because of continued reports of severe hepatotoxicity
Mexiletine: can also be used in adults with myotonia in non-dystrophic myotonic disorders.

Updated names, synonyms and codes; official standards; official preparations:

BP 2019
USP 42/USNF 37
ATC codes

Proprietary Preparations and Manufacturers updated for the following countries and regions:

Canada
Germany
USA^†
UK^†

† Countries updated on an ongoing basis

11 Jun

Martindale June 2019 Update

This update contains 38 new monographs and 9 existing monographs have been updated.

See details

Preparations have been updated for 6 countries.

New monographs:

1,3-Dimethylbutylamine: is a compound related to methylhexaneaminethat may be subject to abuse in sport.
1-Androsterone: is reported to be an anabolic androgenic steroid that may be subject to abuse in sport.
5α-Androst-2-ene-17-one: is reported to be an anabolic steroid that may be subject to abuse in sport.
5β-Androstane-3α,17-β-diol: is reported to be an anabolic steroid. It may be subject to abuse in sport.
Alexamorelin: is reported to be a growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP) and may be subject to abuse in sport.
α-Pyrrolidinovalerophenone: an analogue of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), is reported to have stimulant properties and may be subject to abuse in sport.
Andarine: is reported to be a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM). It may be subject to abuse in sport.
Androsta-3,5-diene-7,17-dione: is reported to be an aromatase inhibitor. It may be subject to abuse in sport.
AOD-9604: is reported to be a modified fragment of the lipolytic domain of human growth hormone. It may be subject to abuse in sport.
AsialoEPO: a derivative of erythropoietin (EPO), is reported to be an innate repair receptor agonist. It may be subject to abuse in sport.
Brexanolone: is a positive allosteric GABA_Areceptor modulator used for the treatment of postpartum depression.
Brodalumab: is an anti-IL-17RA monoclonal antibody, now available for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.
Carbamylated EPO: a derivative of erythropoietin (EPO), is reported to be an innate repair receptor agonist. It may be subject to abuse in sport.
CJC-1293: is reported to be a growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analogue and may be subject to abuse in sport.
CJC-1295: is reported to be a growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analogue and may be subject to abuse in sport.
CNTO-530: an erythropoietin (EPO) mimetic fusion protein, is reported to be an erythropoietin-receptor agonist. It may be subject to abuse in sport.
Dacomitinib: is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR mutations.
Emapalumab: is an interferon gamma blocking monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of primary haemophagocyticlymphohistiocytosis.
EPO-Fc: an erythropoietin (EPO) fusion protein, is reported to be an erythropoietin-receptor agonist. It may be subject to abuse in sport.
GHRP-1: is reported to be a growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP) and may be subject to abuse in sport.
GHRP-3: is reported to be a growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP) and may be subject to abuse in sport.
GHRP-4: is reported to be a growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP) and may be subject to abuse in sport.
GHRP-5: is reported to be a growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP) and may be subject to abuse in sport.
Glasdegib: is an orally active hedgehog pathway inhibitor used in combination with low-dose cytarabine for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia.
HGH 176-191: is reported to be a human growth hormone (HGH) peptide fragment. It may be subject to abuse in sport.
Higenamine: is reported to be a beta₂agonist and may be subject to abuse in sport.
Inotersen: is a transthyretin-directed antisense oligonucleotide used for the treatment of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis.
K-11706: is reported to be a GATA inhibitor and may be subject to abuse in sport.
Ligandrol: is reported to be a selective androgen receptor modulator and may be subject to abuse in sport.
Lorlatinib: is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor licensed in the USA for the treatment of ALK-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.
Patisiran: is a small interfering ribonucleic acid used in the treatment of polyneuropathy associated with hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis.
RAD-140: is reported to be a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM). It may be subject to abuse in sport.
Romosozumab: is a humanised monoclonal antibody that inhibits sclerostin, thereby increasing bone formation and reducing bone resoprtion. It is used in the treatment of osteoporosis.
Sarecycline: is a tetracycline derivative used orally in the treatment of moderate to severe acne.
SR-9009: is reported to be an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator and may be subject to abuse in sport.
Tagraxofuspis a CD123-directed cytotoxin used in the treatment of blastic plasmacytoid cell neoplasm.
Talazoparibis a PARP inhibitor for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer in patients with germline BRCA gene mutations.
TB-500: is reported to be a synthetic fraction of the protein thymosin-β4 that is involved in cellular processes. It may be subject to abuse in sport.

Notable revisions:

Ciprofloxacin: the EMA has placed restrictions on the use of fluoroquinolone and quinolone antibacterialsdue to side effects involving the muscles, tendons or joints and the nervous system. The MHRA and FDA have highlighted the risk of aortic aneurysm and dissection with systemic and inhaled fluoroquinolones.
Dasatinib: can be used in children with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukaemia in chronic phase, and in children with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, with chemotherapy.
Drugs in sport: World Anti-Doping Agency classifications updated.
Doxycycline: can be used for the treatment of acute infections in children aged from 8 years, and in children of any age for the treatment of severe or life threateninginfections such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Doxycycline can also be used in adults for the treatment of Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
Hydrochlorothiazide: increased risk of non-melanoma skin cancer and squamous cell carcinoma of the lip associated with hydrochlorothiazide use.
Midostaurin: can be used for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, aggressive systemic mastocytosis(ASM), systemic mastocytosis with associated haematological neoplasm (SM-AHN), or mast cell leukaemia (MCL).
Sirolimus: can be used for lymphangioleiomyomatosis.
Sofosbuvir: risk of hypoglycaemia in diabetic patients on direct-acting antiviral therapy.

Proprietary Preparations and Manufacturers updated for the following countries and regions:

Israel
Italy
Japan
Poland
UK†
USA†

† Countries updated on an ongoing basis

12 Mar

Martindale March 2019 Update

This update contains 13 new monographs and 22 existing monographs have been updated. Preparations have been updated for 5 countries.

See details

New monographs:

Baloxavir Marboxil: baloxavir is a polymerase acidic endonuclease inhibitor with antiviral activity. It is used as the marboxil salt to treat acute uncomplicated influenza A and B.
Binimetinib: an inhibitor of mitogen-activated extracellular kinase (MEK 1 and 2) that is used, with encorafenib, for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic melanoma.
Doravirine: is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, used with other antiretroviral agents, for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in treatment-naïve patients.
Encorafenib: is a BRAF kinase inhibitor that is used, with binimetinib, for unresectable or metastatic melanoma.
Fostamatinib: is a spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor. It is used for the treatment of thrombocytopenia in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia who have had an inadequate response to other therapies.
Fremanezumab: is a calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonist that is used for the prevention of migraine.
Galcanezumab: is a calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonist that is used for the prevention of migraine.
Ivosidenib: is an isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) inhibitor used in the treatment of relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia with an IDH1 mutation.
Lanadelumab: is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits plasma kallikrein. It is used as prophylaxis to prevent hereditary angioedema attacks.
Omadacycline: is an aminomethylcycline antibacterial that is used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute skin and skin structure infections.
Ravulizumab: is a C5 complement blocker that is used for the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria.
Revefenacin: is a long-acting antimuscarinic that is used via inhalation in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Vonicog Alfa: is a recombinant von Willebrand factor that is used for the treatment and prevention of bleeding in patients with von Willebrand’s disease.

Notable revisions:

Cabozantinib: is used for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and as a first-line option for renal cell carcinoma.
Chloroquine: updated guidance on screening for retinopathy, and caution regarding lowering of the seizure threshold.
Crisaborole: is a phosphodiesterase type-4 (PDE-4) inhibitor that is used for the topical treatment of mild to moderate atopic eczema.
Denosumab: can be used for bone loss following long-term glucocorticoid therapy and for the prevention of skeletal events associated with multiple myeloma.
Durvalumab: is used for non-small cell lung cancer in adults whose tumours express PD-L1 and whose disease has not progressed following platinum-based chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
Eslicarbazepine: can be used in children for the treatment of partial seizures, either as monotherapy or adjuvant therapy.
Hydroxychloroquine: updated dosing, guidance on screening for retinopathy, and caution regarding lowering of the seizure threshold.
Ipilimumab: is used for the treatment of melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, and microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair deficient colorectal cancer. Immune-mediated adverse effects, including fatalities, have been reported.
Nivolumab: is used for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, advanced urothelial carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and metastatic colorectal cancer. Immune-mediated adverse effects, including fatalities, have been reported.
Pembrolizumab: is used for the treatment of classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma, urothelial carcinoma, B-cell lymphoma, gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma, and microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair deficient solid tumours or colorectal cancer, and cervical cancer. Immune-mediated adverse effects, including fatalities, have been reported.
Pivmecillinam: updated dosing for acute uncomplicated cystitis in adults and treatment of urinary tract infections in children.
Tolvaptan: updated dosing when patient is at risk of too rapid correction of sodium. Precautions on liver function test monitoring, interactions with CYP3A4, and side effects also updated.
Valganciclovir Hydrochloride: can be used in children for CMV prophylaxis in those who have had a transplant from a CMV-positive donor.

Updated names, synonyms and codes; official standards; official preparations:

BP 2018
Ph Eur 9.4 and 9.5

Proprietary Preparations and Manufacturers updated for the following countries and regions:

Denmark
Finland
Netherlands
UK†
USA†

† Countries updated on an ongoing basis

11 Dec

Martindale December 2018 update

This update contains 14 new monographs and 18 existing monographs have been updated. Preparations have been updated for 6 countries.

See details

New monographs:

Angiotensin II and Angiotensin II Acetate: is a synthetic human angiotensin II that is used as a vasopressor in septic or other distributive shock.
Apalutamide: is a nonsteroidal anti-androgen that is used for the treatment of non-metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Avatrombopag and Avatrombopag Maleate: is a thrombopoietin receptor agonist licensed to reduce bleeding risk in patients with chronic liver disease undergoing surgery.
Darvadstrocel: is an allogeneic expanded adipose-derived stem cell therapy. It is used for the treatment of fistulising Crohn’s disease.
Elagolix and Elagolix Sodium: is a gonadorelin antagonist. It is used for the management of moderate to severe pain associated with endometriosis.
Emicizumab: is a monoclonal antibody that acts as a factor VIII mimetic. It is used to prevent bleeding episodes in patients with haemophilia A who have developed factor VIII antibodies.
Eravacycline and Eravacycline Hydrochloride: is a tetracycline derivative that is used for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections.
Latanoprostene bunod: is a synthetic analogue of dinoprost that is used topically in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
Padeliporfin and Padeliporfin Potassium: is a bacteriochlorophyll derivative that is used as a photosensitiser for the photodynamic therapy of prostate cancer.
Plazomicin and Plazomicin Sulfate: is a derivative of sisomicin that is used for the treatment of complicated urinary-tract infections, including pyelonephritis.
Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate: is a potassium binder that is used for the treatment of hyperkalaemia.
Tecovirimat: is an antiviral that inhibits the orthopoxvirus VP37 envelope wrapping protein that may be used for the treatment of smallpox in the event of an outbreak.
Tezacaftor: is a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein corrector that is used in combination with ivacaftor in the treatment of cystic fibrosis.
Tildrakizumab: is a humanised monoclonal antibody that is an interleukin-23 antagonist and is used for the treatment of plaque psoriasis.

Notable revisions:

Adalimumab: is used for the treatment of uveitis in children and hidradentis suppurativa in patients 12 years and older.
Ataluren: is used in children from the age of 2 years old for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).
Certolizumab pegol: is used for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adults who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy.
Daclizumab: it has been withdrawn worldwide for the treatment of multiple sclerosis because of the risk of serious inflammatory brain disorders.
Fosaprepitant: is used in children from the age of 6 months old for nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy.
Mogamulizumab: is used for the treatment of mycosis fungoides, Sezary syndrome, and cutaneous and peripheral T-cell lymphoma.
Rufinamide: is used in children from 1 year of age in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
Tapentadol: can be used in children from 2 years of age for the management of moderate to severe pain.
Tiotropium Bromide: is used in children from 6 years of age for the treatment of asthma.

Updated names, synonyms and codes; official standards; official preparations:

USP41/USNF36.

Proprietary Preparations and Manufacturers updated for the following countries and regions:

Belgium
Czech Republic
Ireland
Norway
UK
USA

14 Sep

Martindale September 2018 update

This update contains 8 new monographs and 7 existing monographs have been updated. Preparations have been updated for 6 countries.

See details

New Monographs:

Abemaciclib: is a cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 inhibitor used in the treatment of advanced or metastatic breast cancer.
Axicabtagene ciloleucel: is an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy that is used for the treatment of relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma.
Burosumab: is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits fibroblast growth factor 23 that is used for the treatment of X-linked hypophosphataemia.
Erenumab: is a human monoclonal antibody that inhibits the activity of calcitonin gene-related peptide and is used for the prevention of migraine.
Ibalizumab: is a post-attachment HIV-1 inhibitor used in the treatment of multidrug-resistant HIV infection.
Lutetium-177: is a radionuclide that is used to label medicinal products.
Lutetium (177Lu) oxodotreotide: is a radioconjugate that is used for the treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours.
Tisagenlecleucel: is an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy that is used for the treatment of relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in patients up to 25 years of age.

Notable revisions:

Dalbavancin: can be used in a single-dose regimen for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.
Evolocumab: also licensed to reduce cardiovascular risk in established cardiovascular disease.
Tocilizumab: also licensed for giant cell arteritis and for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell induced cytokine release syndrome.

Proprietary Preparations and Manufacturers updated for the following countries and regions:

Austria, China, South Africa, UAE, UK and USA. († Countries updated on an ongoing basis)

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